Bousille Et Les Justes Essays - Paul Hay Du Chastelet,

Bousille Et Les Justes Une quarantaine d'ann?e pass?es, il semble que les gens d?sordonnaient souvent leurs priorit?s. Dans la pi?ce Bousille et les Justes, Gratien G?linas fait transpirer plusieurs th?mes, en voici trois qu'il ?labore in addition to profond?ment. Premi?rement, il y a l'id?e de l'hypocrisie qui se rapporte ? plusieurs occurrences cl?s dans la pi?ce. Ensuite il y a la fausse respectabilit? qui est tr?s ?vidente en plusieurs circonstances. Et en troisi?me lieu, la strange notion religieuse est clairement d?montr?e. Pour d?buter, le theme de l'hypocrisie est bien ?work? standard l'auteur. Un personnage qui ?tablit parfaitement le r?le wolf in sheep's clothing est Phil Vezeau. ? un second, Aurore et Henri s'inqui?tent de la r?putation de la famille si Aim? est condamn?. Phil, faisant child biased person dit: ** .... on est du bon monde, le petit J?sus ne nous laissera pas le nez dans la crotte** (p.17). Ceci montre qu'il ne prend pas l'affaire au s?rieux m?me s'il voit que les autres en souffrent. Un autre exemple est lorsqu'il parle ? Bousille. Ce dernier est nerveux pour le proc?s, il a peur de t?moigner vehicle il ne veut pas mentir. Phil dit tout simplement ? Bousille qu'il devrait desperate la v?rit? m?me s'il sait que Bousille ne peut pas ?tre v?ritable s'il veut qu'Aim? soit acquitt?. Ironiquement, il essaie in addition to tard de convaincre Bousille de parjurer. Un autre personnage significatif serait Henri qui dit ? Bousille qu'il r?ve qu'Aim? a frapp? Bruno Maltais une seconde fois. Il dit cela pensant que Bousille n'?tait pas assez canny pour savoir la diff?rence. In addition tard, il proceed ? bombarder Bousille d'insultes. Il dit que **...le malheur avec [Bousille], c'est [qu'il] a la t?te enfl?e, en in addition to du genou.** (p.89). Ce dernier extrait d?montre la d?loyaut? d'Henri envers Bousille. Tous ces exemples prouvent que certains personnages dans cette pi?ce peuvent ?tre tr?s effront?s et charlatans. En in addition to d'?tre gossiers, les personnages de cette oeuvre pr?sente une fausse respectabilit? entre eux. C'est ? critical que chaque fois que quelqu'un se tourne le dos, un autre le d?grade verbalement. Un exemple concret serait le manque de regard envers Bousille vehicle il est loaned. Standard exemple, il y an un moment ou Aurore dit que Bousille est **...un chien de garde avec des b?quilles! ? peine assez d?lur? pour distinguer sa bottine ignoble de sa bottine droit.** (p.27) Mais, lorsque Bousille se montre la face, Aurore lui traite comme un ?tre typical. Aussi, il serait easy ? voir cette discourteousness quand Henri et Aurore discutent ? propos de l'accident d'Aim? et de Bousille. Les deux montrent de la sympathie pour lui et lui textual style croire qu'il les doit quelque picked vehicle ils ont pay? pour child hospitalization. Mais, en v?rit? Bousille ne les doit rien et il aurait m?me pu poursuivre une charge juridique contre Aim?. Malgr? tout ceci, Henri a quand m?m e l'audace de critical que ** [Bousille] aurait reprise dix ans pour poursuivre qu'il serait trop b?te pour en profiter.** (p.77) Non seulement est-ce qu'ils traitent Bousille comme cela mais ils se traitent de cette fa?on entre eux aussi. Pour ?worker, il y a la circonstance ou Aurore parle contre No?lla. Elle a bien parl? de No?lla pendant longtemps et tout d'un upset elle dit qu'il **...y a des jours o? [elle] se demande si elle est pour ou contre [eux]...** (p.28). Avec tout ceci, il est simple ? d?duire que l'auteur voulait mettre en ?vidence le th?me de la fausse respectabilit?. En in addition to de ces deux derniers th?mes, G?linas voulait aussi montrer la odd notion qu'on les personnages envers leur religion. D'abord, il est vu que plusieurs entre eux demandent des faveurs aux holy people et croient qu'ils peuvent les repayer en priant ou en faisant chanter des messes. Un cas exemplaire de ceci est lors du chapelet en famille. La m?re dit ? sainte Anne que **...si [elle l'exauce, elle lui promet] un lover p?lerinage en famille!**. (p.70) ? ce m?me second, la m?re dit aussi ? la m?me sainte qu'elle **...va critical ce chapelet en [son] honneur...** (p.70) si elle fait qu'Aim? soit proclam? guiltless. Les Grenons semblent aussi penser que s'ils sont loyaux ? leur croyances, ils auront la r?putation d'?tre du bon monde. Standard exemple, ils croient fermement qu'ils devraient emmener le

Reaction Paper Ten Commandments Essay Example For Students

Response Paper: Ten Commandments Essay I cant absolutely remark on the opening film since we can't get done with watching it because of constrained time. Be that as it may, I can even now remmember when I saw this film since I was a child, in light of the fact that were fun of watching this sort of film during blessed weeks, and this was likewise played in TVs in that time. The Ten Commandments is an unbelievable epic show dependent on the Book of Exodus from the Old Testament. In spite of the fact that Im not in any manner strict in the conventional sense, I love this film for the storyline, acting, and even enhancements, which appear to be crude by todays measures yet are by the by very great. The Ten Commandments is a moving story of how the Hebrews got away from subjection in old Egypt and proceeded to shape their own country. In this manner, this film is essentially about the battle for opportunity just as the cost of looking after it. Despite the fact that the story is a large number of years old, The Ten Commandments, which is fundamentally only a film adjustment and development of the Book of Exodus, is still very pertinent. There are still pieces of the reality where people groups are being misused by different people groups, and The Ten Commandments ought to be a motivation to those abused to endeavor toward opportunity. This opportunity consistently includes some significant downfalls, in any case. For the old Hebrews, the value was to follow the Ten Commandments, which got adjusted into Judeo-Christian law and custom. These days I believe that lone four or five of the Ten Commandments really apply to current society since individuals today are developing and freeing accordingly, others don’t follow The Ten Commandments perhaps in view of obliviousness, however the other four despite everything appear to work well for us. Regardless, we will consistently require a law to administer ourselves, and Im really content with our constitution now.

National Culture and Management - Free Essay Example

National Culture and Management National culture is very diverse in the UK and affects management and organisation in a number ways. National culture includes the pervasive, shared beliefs, norms, values, and symbols that are occur in daily. National culture is normally transmitted by symbols and rituals and many often take these for granted and this includes management of organisations. Management today is bound by many rules and regulations and have to work in accordance with national cultures to ensure that their companies get mainstream attention whilst taking care of the norms displayed by the nations people. This paper will look at national culture at the organisational-unit state of multi-business firms and how it affects management and how organizing takes place National culture is known to trigger changes in the corporate management control to benefit local business-unit circumstances. The role of management is more complex than many people contend. To put it simply, management adopt holistic responsibility for the outcomes of projects. If projects or organisational objectives are not satisfactorily achieved then the management takes full responsibility for this due to the fact that they set out the criteria for achieving such aims and oversaw the entire project. Managers have numerous roles which imply critical thinking on their behalf and the gener al rule of thumb is that management entails the effective planning, leading and control of resources in order to meet objectives as set out in the mission statement. Indeed the resources in question fluctuate on the basis of the type of industry the organisation trades in but from a general perspective such resources include personnel with their abilities and experience in addition to non-human elements i.e. machinery, raw materials IT and capital all of which play a pivotal part in contributing to the role of management. Work from Mead (1994 pg 55) shows that national culture at the multi-level data reveal small business-unit effects relative to corporate effects. The work from Mead suggests that in the presence of dominant national culture, management and the organisation work harder to uniformly implement control within their firms to reflect national culture conditions. Estienne (1997) defines culture as – â€Å"Culture consists of patterns, explicit and impl icit, of and for behaviour acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artefacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning influences upon further action† The graphs shows how national culture is divided out Manifestation of Culture at Different Levels of Depth (Mead – 2005) Culture in the narrowest sense also refers to knowledge of the arts. This includes music and sculpture. The concept of culture which is taken on by people through different ways of thinking and acting or other cultural issues in the wider sense all affect management. According to Jackson (2004 pg 23) there are 2 diagnostic models that help the manager. These are Hofstedes Model of National Culture and the 7d Cultural Dimensions Model. Accord ing to the Hofstede Model of National Culture there are clear elements and concerns about equality and power distance. Power distance is the extent to which people accept inequality in power. In companies there is likely to be antagonism and conflict as employees may be unwilling to accept higher power e.g. some employees may dislike their manager because they are bossed around and this may affect morale and motivation in an adverse way. Furthermore, the concepts of the Hofstedes Model of National Culture underlines the importance of management and organising when trying to manage individuals and the groups within society that attempt to balance out collectivism and individualism. Other components of the model which relate to national culture include gender roles i.e. masculinity and Confucian values. In addition to establishing and deciphering tasks, management take account of this model and that consider aspects relation to Communication/ Linguistics The geographical variance in organisational location involves a linguistic barrier where language is not easily comprehended in some parts of the world. Jargon and slang are regional and thus renders them inappropriate for other geographical locations. Management seeks to reduce the usage of jargon to minimise ambiguity amongst employees particularly in a multinational organisation. Cultural values Cultures are highly sensitive so the conformity to cultural imbalances highlights the role of management. Semiotic and verbal messages are interpreted differently by many cultures and the role of management dictates that they are privy to such sensitivities. Many other roles include working as a co-coordinator in ensuring that staff is progressing with their work smoothly. Familiarity with teams abilities forms the basis of coordination and ensures that they can collaborate effectively without compromising the output. Should there be a discrepancy in working relations then the role of managem ent dictates that they intervene and remedy the problem to ensure that disruption is kept to a minimum. The role of management entails time consciousness and facilitating as contended by Quinn (2002). Its important to be proactive since time is money in business and adopting a somewhat relaxed approach can ultimately be catastrophic. The role of management implies that they need to show real conviction in their approach to motivating, encouraging and rewarding their personnel. Similarly, its imperative for management to be innovative and empower their staff so that they can learn from each other and share skills which will benefit the organisation production. However, in different cultures people are likely to interpret this type of information differently and, as a result, may take offence from this. The dissemination of knowledge provides a foundation upon which to base a learning culture within the organisation. Management have an obligation to coach employees and adopt a d emocratic stance where they seek to improve morale and confidence and suggest training regimes to improve confidence and working relations. Employees can find certain instructions as being vague and open to interpretation and coaching can eliminate this ambiguity by providing greater clarification. In many organisations managers are democratic meaning that they adopt a political role where they seek to negotiate with stakeholders to maintain a harmonised relationship and this is due to national culture and what the country expects. Being political also ensures the general web of contacts is widened giving organisations greater access to resources. Every management regime has a unique style and likewise their objectives are also unique and the management role needs to reflect the objectives set out. In general development is the key in achieving goals. Development provides growth and stability. Torrington (2001) cites case where cross cultural themes helped the manager to divi de the components into smaller parts. The case was from Waitrose in France where the manager used the Hofstede model to simplify the components and relax the regulations concerning power and allowing workers to work freely with no conflict appearing. On the basis of the evidence cross cultural management helps managers in making easier the recruitment and selection process as well as creating organisational compatibility. However there are obstacles regarding culture and how various cultures respond differently when faced with different situations. In this context managers need to balance out their plans. As cited by Hodgetts et al (2000 pg 54) the concepts of Hofstedes individualism foundation is about the preference for a loosely knit social network. In this network individuals almost always look out for their own self interests. Collectivism in contrast is a tightly knit social network where individuals look after each other and companies protect their members interests. Through linking this concept to organisations, individualism is likely to lead to a network where there may be a range of opinions as workers only look to protect their own self-interests and may not be doing what in the best interest of the organisation as a whole. Through linking collectivism to organisations, if every worker looked out for each other good communication links are likely to result between them which is likely to lead to better input into tasks and objectives and so favourably affecting motivation levels in the organisations. As well as this there is common ground in that everyone would have similar beliefs since everybody is on the lookout for the self-interests of others. The work of Hofstede shows how individualism is closely linked to the wealth of nations e.g. from evidence from Lee (2008) we can see that the UK and USA are very individualist whereas countries like Pakistan and Columbia are very collectivist nations. The final dimension of national cult ure according to the work of Hofstede is masculinity and femininity. Masculinity is known by Hurn (2000 pg 12) to be a cultural preference where the aim is to strive towards achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material success. Femininity on the other hand is a cultural preference for cooperation, group decision making and quality of life. Through linking the concepts as provided by Hofstede to management and organisations there are some occupations that according to society only men are capable of doing e.g. a mechanic and there are some occupations that are more suitable for females such as an air hostess. However, today both of these occupations are widely taken on by both genders since people are looking to expand their learning horizons rather than worrying about what type of job it is. Evidence from Mead (2005 pg 34) cites the slogan â€Å" if you want to do it then it shouldnt matter about gender roles† This is exactly the slogan in cross cultural management that mangers have thought about and found that the female gender is more effective at doing certain jobs which according to society were more male orientated. (Mead, 2005) Looking more into the dimensions of national culture and linking this to management, there is a clear bond between individualism and power distance e.g. the US has a high individualism rate and below an average rate of power distance. (Lucas et al, 2006 pg 28) This means that there is more focus on self-interest and so the reverse trend is that they do not accept inequality easily. With respect to collectivism and management take for example a third country like India where people who work in a group to boost communication and motivation means great loyalty. The management always takes the lead role as is expected and allows others to take part after he or she has spoken. This is known as high power distance which is common in third world countries. In a collectivist approach though there are likely to be ways in which subordinates can affect the managements way of thinking e.g. taking the first step to complete a task before the management does. As a result of this evidence provided by Lucas (2006) it can be claimed that there is a link in the organisations to power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Some companies always look to avoid uncertainty and due to this the worker is aware where they stand e.g. working for the government. Hofstedes research established that in different organisations and situations different nationalities were gaining different power distance, uncertainty avoidance relationships, e.g. in Germany laying down regulations and guidelines was found to be a method of equalling out this relationship whilst in the UK improving communication elements which existed between different departments with more training proving to be a help. (Demers, 2002) The theory associated with group dynamics is related to an interactive process that is primarily linked to alt ering patterns of tension with the ultimate aim of incorporating cohesion within a team of different culture. The way in which a team is impacted by dynamics assists in determining how leadership and dominant sub group patterns unravel. The effects of group dynamics would therefore influence players from a behavioural perspective and how their attitudes are affected over a certain period of time. Any changes can either be indelible or temporary. If the former theory is correlated to the sport of rugby, then the captain, vice-captain, the starting line-up and the substitutes would have an important role in team cohesion. The status of an individual player is a massive element with regards to their powers of influence but similarly the character of a player is similarly imperative. A player with a history of absence has no status and as a consequence can have a detrimental impact on the team though this would mainly depend on the players ability to impose their expertise and no tions on the team. The final element is motivation which according to theorists such as Blassingame (2002 pg 75) is closely related to individualism-collectivism. Research shows that the USA has the highest motivation factor due to individualism therefore employees are realising their needs. In a collectivist approach workers first of all realise their duties towards the group and so self-motivation would not be a primary aim according to such an approach. Motivation is culture bound. Maslow strongly emphasises that individualism has led to the expectancy and equity theories of motivation. These theories highlight rational and individual thinking as a basis of human behaviour. As a result the emphasis is placed on achievement. The theories dont offer universal explanations of motivation but reflect the values system of different countries and their cultures. Cultural Awareness and Extent of Global Involvement – source Stonehouse 2000 Today, it appears that there are a huge number of languages that are used in organisations for business reasons. For the management of organisations who want to expand their businesses into international markets according to Selmer (2008) will come across huge communication challenges and barriers. Such barriers will relate to communication which is likely to increase difficulty in communicating in those countries that do not share a common language with them. To put it simply, management are likely to find it a lot more difficult in communicating in a nation that does not share the same language as they do and so cross cultural management is likely to impede business success. International business is extremely dependable on good communication. Jackson (2004 pg 46) cites that language is the primary component behind this dependency as organisations more and more increasingly begin dealing with other companies many of whom communicate in a different language. Due to this it becomes more likely that there will be an increase in the number of problems that they are likely to come across. To challenge these difficulties managers need to blend in the cross cultural atmosphere with effective communication mechanisms that must run inherently throughout their organisation. There are four levels of management within the management hierarchy all of which comprise of distinctive roles. The hierarchy consists of top management, middle management and first line management with the chief executive sitting at the top of the tree. The role of first line management implies arguably the most important tasks in an organisation. The role involves obtaining the trust and dedication of front line staff as well as adhering to customer requirements. The middle and senior management are simultaneously consulted in order to maximise success. The role mainly involves daily supervision of workers to maintain working cycles. The experience they gain from exposure to such an environment stands them in good stead in moving up the managerial hierarchy. However, there is still the issue of communication and misinterpretation and this presents a large problem when management organise work and try to motivate their workers. There may indeed be difficulty in communicating and this may lead to larger problems, but in many cases there are ways in which organisations have tried to reduce problems and increase motivation by simplifying communication elements and which lead to better motivation amongst people. These include the use of simple and basic language with lingo and slang being cut out. Another way is to rely more on written forms of communication so that records and transcripts of what has been said can be kept for checking purposes. This cuts downs on misinterpretation. Due to this companies and management show greater level of formalisation than had previously existed. Another good example would be e-commerce. This is a cross cultural method where the website exists in difference languages to make all round interpretation easier. In a similar way there is ethics. Ethics will vary. Some will be ethical by choosing particular markets to target whilst other will just want to make money. The essay has shown effects of national culture on management and organisations because as different cultures have different beliefs about how to do things, these beliefs converge and lead to divergence views which management must use in organising their organisations due to diverse cultures. Different countries have different ways in coping with their cultures and due to this there are different levels of power and uncertainty. National culture varies in each country and transnational companies who look to expand their markets need to take account of these cultures so that when they enter the country in question they know exactly what to expect when employees people from within that country. There are clear issues which relate to language, motivation etc. and these need to be fully understand before the management can go ahead with the expansion. Reference Torrington, D/Hall, L/Haylor, I/Myers, J (1991) Employee resourcing, Management studies 2 series. Institute of Personnel management. Lucas, R, Lupton, B and Mathieson, H (2006) Human resource management in an International context. CIPD publishing. Jackson, T (2004) International HRM, a cross-cultural approach. SAGE publications. Mead, R (2005) International Management, cross-cultural dimensions. Blackwell publishing. Padmanand, J (2000) Doing Business in India, Street-smart entrepreneurs In an imperfect marketplace. SAGE publications. Maslow, Abraham H. A Theory Of Human Motivation. Psychology Review (July 1943). [2] Harrison R. Understanding your organisations character. Harvard Business Review. May-June 1972. 1 Heenan, D.A. and Perlmutter, H.V. (1979). Multinational Organisation Development: A Social Architectural Approach. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Demers J. 2002, Crossing the cultural divides, Volume of CMA Management, pp.28-30 Hurn B.F. Fenkins M. 2000, International peer group development, Industrial and Commercial Training, vol.32, no.4, pp. 128-131 Lee G. Rowe A. 2001, Cross-cultural awareness, HR Magazine, pp.139-142 Selmer J., Torbiorn I. and Corinna T 1998, Sequential cross-cultural training for expatriate business manager: pre-departure and post-arrival, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.9, no.5, pp 831-832, 835-840 Tsui, K.L. 2004 Interview: Mr. David Nip , Production Co-ordinator, 28 December 2004, MIBT, unpublished, Melb, Vic. (Appendix 1) Strategic Management and Business Policy, Thomas L. Wheelen, Routledge, London, 2008 Global and Transnational Business, George Stonehouse, Palgrave, London, 2000 Rules of Management, Richard Templar Prentice Hall, 2004 Estienne M., 1997, The art of cross-cultural management: an alternative approach to training and development, European Industrial Training, vol 21, no. 1, pp14-18 Blassingame K. M., 2002, Strangers in strange l ands, Employee Benefits News, pp. 31-32 Mead R., 1994, International Management: Cross-Cultural Dimensions, Blackwell Publishing, Vic Hodgetts R. M. and Luthans F., 2000, International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behavior, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, USA

Analysis Of The Book Twilight By Stephenie Meyer Essay

Pg.1 CHAPTER 1 -- INTRODUCTION ‘Twilight’, Stephenie Meyer’s debut novel, states the story of Isabella â€Å"Bella† Swan, a gawky seventeen-year old girl who falls in love with a vampire, Edward Cullen. Though Edward is deeply in love with Bella he battles his natural instinct to kill her. As a vampire he is hard-wired to think Bella and other humans as his prey. Stephenie Meyer got her idea for the book from a dream she had about a girl and her vampire lover having a conversation while sitting in a meadow. Meyer recalls in her interview â€Å"I was so intrigued by the nameless couple’s story that I hated the idea of forgetting it (also the vampire was just so darned good-looking that I didn’t want to lose the mental image). I put everything that I possibly could on the back burner and sat down at the computer to write--something I hadn’t done in so long.† This novel contains some recurring motifs that have been popular in story telling over time--this includes â€Å"forbidden love† and â€Å"beauty and the beast†. Forbidden love based on many famous tales are Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’. Similarly, we often see tales of women falling in love with beastly or monstrous men. Example is the fairytale of â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, elements of this story line also appears in Charlotte Bronte’s â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Emily Bronte’s â€Å"Wuthering Heights†. Twilight is a forbidden love story. This is becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Stereotypical Gender Ring : Bella Swan s Indifference Vs. Rosalie Hale s Proactivity932 Words   |  4 PagesCulture Research Proposal and Thesis October 5, 2015 Entering the Stereotypical Gender Ring: Bella Swan’s Passivity vs. Rosalie Hale’s Proactivity For my research project I have decided to choose a character from a popular book series, Twilight which was written by Stephenie Meyer. The forbidden love story between a plain human girl and a gorgeous vampire boy sparked the hearts of millions, but the singular character I’m conducting my research on is Rosalie Hale. While Bella Swan, the main characterRead MoreReview Of The Lady With The Toy Dog 1134 Words   |  5 Pages The thought that a fictitious movie like Twilight is actually affecting women seems almost bizarre. You may wonder how it’s even possible that we can be so easily influenced by what some consider an â€Å"aimless series of vampire books†. However, it’s a proven fact that our brains react to fiction tales and they can indeed impact us in ways we could only imagine. A study was done in 2009 at the University of Toronto in Canada testing the hypothesis that art can cause significant changes in the experienceRead MoreEssay on Nicholas Sparks; The Author of Romance1967 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom being a relative unknown to being a writer with a book deal and $1 million movie rights contract (Bio Channel). Once again, though, Sparks triumph gave way to devastation when his father was killed at the age of 54 in an automobile accident.. The book, later titled Message in a Bottle, was inspired by his parents relationship. Skeptical that hed really made it as a writer, Sparks continued to sell pharmaceuticals while he wrote the book. He finally retired from sales in February 1997, whenRead MoreResearch on Time Management3882 Words   |  16 Pagesmay be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to  manage  time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals. This set encompasses a wide scope of activities, and these include pla nning,  allocating,  setting goals, delegation, analysis of time spent,  monitoring, organizing, scheduling, and prioritizing. Initially, time management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to include personal activities as well. A time management system is a

I Am John Fitzgerald Kennedy s Inaugural Address

The date read January 20, 1961 on the front page of the Washington Times. As I tossed my newspaper onto my bureau and stood in the mirror, I shifted my tie back and forth, repeating; â€Å"the world is very different now† (â€Å"Inaugural Address† 1). These were the words I would present in my inaugural address just hours away. I have ideas-- principles that will change lives, views that will transform a nation, and philosophies that will evoke peace in today’s modern world. I will strive for my fellow Americans to â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you--but what you can do for your country† (1). I am John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a Harvard graduate, a Navy man, a former Congressman, a Senator, and now the 35th United States President. I will drive†¦show more content†¦These students are willing to pick up their bags and fly across the world to gain new experiences. Therefore, I began to advocate at universities, one such as the University of M ichigan. I began promoting this program as a candidate back in 1960. I spoke to a crowd of 10,000 â€Å"challenging American youth to devote part of their lives to living and working in Asia, Africa, and Latin America† (Burner 1). Statistically, American youth is an unstoppable breed. The willingness to serve is overpowering and stems further into younger and younger generations. Humanity is a powerful force. Immediately after my speech, a petition was created with over 1,000 signatures supporting my ideas with pledges ready serve. â€Å"Since then, more than 150,000 citizens of all ages and backgrounds have worked in more than 130 countries throughout the world as volunteers in such fields as health, teaching, agriculture, urban planning, skilled trades, forestry, sanitation, and technology† (Burner 1). I wanted to pursue widespread change. I proposed bills such as the Alliance for Progress which gave 21$ billion in loans to Latin America for schools, hospitals, and o ther service developments. I shot for the Equal Employment Opportunity (10925) to put a stop to racial discrimination in the working class. Finally, to lower the criticism of so few women working in administration, I asked Eleanor Roosevelt to chair the Commission on the Status of Women (Kreiser 1). I constantly work to

Project Delivery System Yagan Square Perth - Click to Get Solution

Question: Discuss about the Project Delivery System for Yagan Square Perth. Answer: Introduction to the Yagan Square Project Yagan Square is situated in Perths CBD, which is a transforming city in the Western Australia. It is the major part of the Perth City Link project, designed to be a primary community, meeting and celebration place as well as a major tourist destination. The vision of the Perth City Link is to transform the city into a world - class transit hub by providing a direct access to the new Perth Underground Bus Port and the Perth Train Station ("Yagan Square | Perth City Link", 2016). The project aims to develop Yagan Square as one of the busiest pedestrian locations in the Perth city. Furthermore, Yagan Square will involve food markets and a well furnished community where people can meet, discover and celebrate the culture, heritage and environment of Western Australia. To be more precise, the square is named after the indigenous Australian warrior Yagan. The construction of Yagan Square was initiated in February 2016 and is expected to be opened in 2017 ("Yagan Square | Perth City Link", 2016). The place will be over one hectare in size, with the capability of arranging for a range of activities and events for up to 8,500 people. Figure 1.1: Design and Construction of Yagan Square (Source: "Yagan Square | Perth City Link", 2016) Project Delivery Methods The basic purpose of a project delivery method is to plan, design, construct and provide other relevant services for organizing, executing and completing a building facility. In a project delivery, the three main parties associated are the project owner, designer and the builder. More specifically, selection of the appropriate project delivery method is one of the basic decisions for developing the acquisition strategy (Duggan Patel, 2013). The different types of project delivery methods are discussed as follows: Design-Bid-Build (DBB) It is the traditional method for delivering a project typically involving three sequential phases. These are the design phase, the bid phase and the build or construction phase. The design phase concerns with the designers service for the project (Lines, Sullivan Smithwick, 2014). A contractor is selected for the bid phase. Finally, the selected contractor builds the project in the construction phase. It most commonly ends up in a fixed price contract (Kerzner, 2013). Construction Management Multi-Prime (CM MP) This method is somewhat similar to that of the design bid build based on the three sequential phases. However, the owner directly contracts with the individual specialty contractors with multi prime (MP) for designated components of the overall work, instead of a single general of prime contractor (Burnham Nagata, 2016). The basic characteristics of this method include a linear design with many contracts involving architect, contractor and subcontractors. Construction Management at Risk (CMR) In this particular method, the three linear design phases are fast tracked with the three prime players or parties such as the owner, designer and CM constructor. The construction manager is contracted depending on qualification, experience, target construction price and fees for management services for managing and constructing a project (Cardenas, 2016). The major advantages in this project delivery method are it can easily retain control of design and allows adequate flexibility to the project price. Design-Build (DB) In this project delivery method, the owner develops a basic conceptual plan and thereby solicits bids from joint ventures of engineer, architects and builders for the project construction and design (Keen et al., 2015). An integrated process overlaps the design and construction phases, where the designer and contractor work together. SWOT Analysis of Yagan Square Project The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for the Yagan Square project for Perth City Link has been demonstrated in the table as formulated below: Strengths Weaknesses Advanced workforce stimulation Adequate knowledge of subcontractors Use of modern technology and machinery in construction Good relationships with the material and equipment supplier Cash flow is predictable Favorable Contract Terms Efficient and smart approach undertaken for place management The business can be scaled up The expansion of business sector can facilitate multiple future opportunities for success Business is contract based Exposure to financial market dynamics Price rise and conditions for raw materials for construction and design purpose Lack of Protection of the Investors Interests by the Supervisory Board Complexity in compliance with multiple design policy Various ethical and legal considerations Facts for strategic planning are relatively difficult to gather Complexity in defining roles and responsibilities Opportunities Threats Job opportunities will increase with the $73.5 million development next to the Horseshoe Bridge Provide a prime meeting and event space The barrier between the CBD and Northbridge is eliminated Food and beverage market will potentially grow Growing population of Perth city Integrated place to visit Western Australias culture, heritage and environment The price of the project is significantly high Advancement in technology development may change this market beyond its ability to adapt Unreliable flow of cash at the early stage of the project It will take time to change the direction of the market in case the market does not work as expected The project can encounter potential amount of overheads Limited time to reach project closure stage as Yagan Square is set to open in 2017 Table 3.1: SWOT Analysis for Yagan Square, Perth City Link Project (Source: Created by the Author) Suitable Method to Deliver the Project For this particular project, the Design Build (DB) Method can be considered as the most appropriate method for project delivery. It is mainly due to the short span of time allocated for completing the project (Construction of Yagan square started in February 2016 and it is set to open in 2017). By adopting the Design Build method, it is possible to integrate the design and construction phases. To be more precise, the integrated process facilitated by this specific project delivery method includes an overlapped design and construction, which is typically fast tracked (Kereri Gad, 2015). Therefore, it is automatically quicker as compared to the other project delivery methods such as multi prime and Design - Bid - Build (DBB). Apart from that, this particular project delivery method involves only the prime players such as the owner and the design - build entity. As a result, it ensures a substantially simple process for delivery of the project (Leach, 2014). Furthermore, it will involve only one contract, which is between the owner and the design builder with a single point of responsibility. In addition to that, in this method, the design builder is responsible for identifying any inconsistency existing between the performance standards and the prescriptive requirements (Lu, 2010). On the other hand, the owner has the sole responsibility for the cost for reconciliation in the inconsistent standards. Application of the Method The Design Build method involves the following steps: Strategic Facility Planning: The owner establishes the project needs, objectives, and technology content and performance criteria. Selection of Design-Builder: Design - builders are selected depending on certain factors such as capacity, reputation, previous owner experience, fees and pricing methods using interview and evaluation processes (Yuan-zhi Bureau, 2014). Conclusion of First Part of Contract: Contract terms and language is typically taken under negotiations for authorizing preliminary design. After that, the design builder joins with the project owner to define the project along with project objectives, requirements, target budget and schedules (Burke, 2013). After that, the design - build Contract Award is followed. Conclusion The paper has thoroughly included a detailed discussion on the Perth City Link Project, the design and construction of Yagan Square. For achieving this purpose, the paper investigated the characteristics and features of Yagan Square including its size and elements. Furthermore, the various project delivery methods have been adequately discussed. After that, the most suitable method to deliver the particular project is selected and the method of application is analyzed. Apart from that, the researcher has also performed a detailed SWOT analysis for the concerned construction management project for Yagan Square. The individual elements and components of Yagan Square will be considered for developing the strategic and tactical planning for the project execution. It requires substantial amount of industrial effort in order to integrate the food market, facilities for public art, hall, childrens playground area, native gardens, digital tower, plaza, mall as well as an integrated community where the people can gather, meet and celebrate together the culture, heritage and environment of Western Australia. It is one of the new projects of Perth City Link and expected to design one of the busiest pedestrian spots in this city that will effectively link the new underground bus station and the train station. Precisely, the contract is valued around $ 65 million. Approximately 25 food and beverage operators will be sought for the plaza and the construction is expected to complete by early 2017. References Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Burnham, R. E., Nagata, M. F. (2016). Alternate Project Delivery: Claims in Design-Build, Guaranteed Maximum Price, and Other Delivery Methods.Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution, 431. Cardenas, D. P. (2016).Evaluation of Construction Project Delivery Methods: A study of Axiomatic Design Principles Measuring the Efficiency of the Design Process(Doctoral dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute). Duggan, T., Patel, D. (2013). Design-build project delivery market share and market size report.RCD/RSMeans Market Intelligence. Keen, D. J., Edinger, L., Wiener, K., Salcedo, E. (2015).Current Practices to Set and Monitor DBE Goals on Design-Build Projects and Other Alternative Project Delivery Methods(No. Project 20-05 (Topic 45-03)). Kereri, J. O., Gad, G. M. (2015). Comparative study of relationship management in design-bid-build project delivery methods in infrastructure projects. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Lines, B., Sullivan, K., Smithwick, J. (2014). An Action Research Approach to Implementation of Alternative Project Delivery Methods within Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Owner Organizations: Overcoming Resistance through Education. InAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Lu, W. (2010). Improved SWOT approach for conducting strategic planning in the construction industry.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,136(12), 1317-1328. Yagan Square | Perth City Link. (2016).Mra.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.mra.wa.gov.au/projects-and-places/perth-city-link/places-attractions/yagan-square Yuan-zhi, L. I. U., Bureau, S. Q. H. (2014). The Safety Management Points of Construction Enterprises Based on SWOT Analysis.Value Engineering,20, 102.

Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century Australian

Executive Summary Sustainability reporting is a concept that organizations are finding hard to ignore. Stakeholders in contemporary world are able to legitimize activities and operations of an organization based on how well the organization performs with regard to social, economic, and environment aspects, which constitute sustainable development.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century: Australian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australia, as a country impacted by global forces, cannot be isolated from this new developments taking place and as a result, the country’s performance of many organizations is going to be benchmarked on sustainability reporting. What therefore this means is that, Australia needs to adopt and implement the most appropriate global standardized tools for her sustainability reporting needs. This report finds out that adoption of GRI is critical and beneficial for sustainability of Australia organizations. Introduction The nature of doing business has been undergoing transformation in the last few decades and today, stakeholders are demanding that organizations should reveal their business activity performances (Perego, 2009). Contemporary organizations under the influence of stakeholders are finding it necessary to pay attention to sustainability performance of organizations’ activities with regard to economic, social and environment aspects (Kolk, 2006). This is being reflected in the changing nature of organizations’ strategies, operational activities, and public disclosure, which are becoming necessary and common. Therefore, sustainability reporting (SR) is becoming a norm among organizations in and outside Australia, and according to Hubbard (2011), SR involves â€Å"reporting aspects of organization’s environmental and social as well as economic aspects of an organization’s performance† (p.824).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sustainability reporting reasons The first reason has to do with market mechanisms whereby, market drivers have resulted into growth of numerous ethical, social, and environmental investment funds, which in turn have influenced the necessity for sustainability disclosures (Vormedal and Ruud 2009). Social drivers have also become part of reasons for the growth of sustainability reporting. According to Solomon and Lewis (2002), organizations are becoming more obliged to disclose information regarding their social, environmental, and ethical performance as required by stakeholders (Vormedal and Ruud, 2009). Legitimacy theory posits that, organizations have to legitimize their behavior and at same time justify their activities, which therefore makes sustainability reporting to be the avenue to obtain ‘social license’ of ope ration and at same time, establish good reputation for the organization (Ortas and Moneva, 2011). Political and regulatory drivers are also contributing to the growth of sustainability reporting as great emphasis of political agenda centers on social and corporate responsibility of organizations (Ortas and Moneva 2011). The take on this is that, political policies and legislations may influence the need for organizations to have sound and functional SR practices. The last reason for growth of SR has to do with emergence of global standard-setting institutions, which in one way or the other are becoming avenues setting standards for organizations to comply with in regard to environmental, social, and economic sustainability reporting (Vormedal and Ruud, 2009). Such organizations include the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Sustainability reporting features based on the GRI The first feature of GRI is ingrained in the aspect of globalization with regard to corporate activities (Gera ghty, n.d). GRI reflects or constitutes a globally applicable standard that has been developed to suit diverse sustainability reporting needs of different organizations. GRI has come out as an innovative instrument that has input of business community, civil society, and other stakeholders with interest in sustainability reporting (Ortas and Moneva, 2011). In this purview, GRI in use today is seen to be more accountable in fulfilling economic, social, and environmental reporting needs of organization (Ortas and Moneva, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century: Australian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second feature of GRI is that, GRI reflects and influences sustainability activities through dialogue with stakeholders and subsequent communication of the impacts. GRI has been designed in such a way that, as a global instrument, it possesses the capability to enhance reliability in sustainability reporting and this has led to affected stakeholders to continuously improve their decisions (Geraghty, n.d). The third feature has to do with GRI having common language for sustainability reporting, which enhances eco-efficiency production systems that also promote sustainable development (Geraghty, n.d). This feature has led to the instrument to become applicable universally in many organizations. Sustainability reporting implementation based on the GRI The first step of GRI is to conduct sustainability reporting that has and involves complete inclusion of stakeholders. Inclusion of stakeholders is crucial to ensure that the reliability and viability of SR is not compromised (Ortas and Moneva, 2011). The next step involves adopting a balanced global process, whereby, GRI advocates for adoption of standardized and global acceptable processes in conducting SR. This has been the area of focus and it can be linked to the growing need of global adoption of sustainable development practices (Ortas and Moneva 2011). The third process involves adopting and using full and relevant communication technologies. As the world changes and the issues of corporate sustainability reporting become critical, there is need for organizations to utilize sophisticated communication technologies that have been made possible with emergence of information technology (Global Reporting Initiative, 2001). The next process involves enhancing transparency, whereby, disclosure of information should be evaluated within the precepts of impact it will have, and such information should enable stakeholders to make the right decisions (Global Reporting Initiative, 2001).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On overall, transparency is such important in that processes, procedures, and assumptions used to prepare the disclosures should be known by stakeholders. The last step involves accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency and reliability reporting of SR. In essence, SR should be made to stakeholders on time, when it is accurate and reliable and in this way, efficient application of such SR is vital to the growth of the organization (Global Reporting Initiative, 2001). Recommendation In essence, reporting positive aspects of the organization with regard to sustainability have suffocated and limited attempts, which in turn affect the functionability of sustainable development goals and objectives. Sustainability reporting, as it appears now, only dwells on the ‘clean sheet’ aspect of the organization as far as reporting of social, environment, and economic activities of the organization are concerned. The negative aspects rarely come out and as a result, the stakeholders only co nsume the skewed part of sustainable concept aspect. There should be the establishment of a global mechanism that has ability to capture organization’s positive and negative aspects of sustainability, which in turn should be translated and included in sustainability reporting. This will provide an opportune moment for stakeholders to have a broad outlook at the performance of the organization and from this, they would be able to formulate and suggest the best ways sustainable development can be achieved. Reference List Geraghty, L., N.d. Sustainability reporting-measure to manage, manage to change. Sydney: Focal Point Australia. Global Reporting Initiative. 2001. Sustainability reporting guidelines. GRI Publishing. Web. Web. Hubbard, G., 2011. The quality of the sustainability reports of large international companies: An analysis. International Journal of Management, 28(3). Kolk, A., 2008. Sustainability, accountability, and corporate governance: Exploring multinationals repo rting practices. Business Strategy and Environment, 17(1); 1-15. Ortas, E., Moneva, J.M., 2011. Original and development of sustainability reporting: Analysis of the Latin America context. Journal of Globalization, Competitiveness and Governability, 5(2); 16-37. Perego, P., 2009. Causes and consequences of choosing different assurance providers: An international study of sustainability reporting. International Journal of Management, 26(3); 412-425. Vormedal, I., Ruud, A., 2009. Sustainability reporting in Norway-An assessment of performance in the context of legal demands and socio-political drivers. Business Strategy and Environment, 18(4); 207-222. This report on Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century: Australian was written and submitted by user Giovani I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.