Analysis Of The Book Twilight By Stephenie Meyer Essay

Pg.1 CHAPTER 1 -- INTRODUCTION ‘Twilight’, Stephenie Meyer’s debut novel, states the story of Isabella â€Å"Bella† Swan, a gawky seventeen-year old girl who falls in love with a vampire, Edward Cullen. Though Edward is deeply in love with Bella he battles his natural instinct to kill her. As a vampire he is hard-wired to think Bella and other humans as his prey. Stephenie Meyer got her idea for the book from a dream she had about a girl and her vampire lover having a conversation while sitting in a meadow. Meyer recalls in her interview â€Å"I was so intrigued by the nameless couple’s story that I hated the idea of forgetting it (also the vampire was just so darned good-looking that I didn’t want to lose the mental image). I put everything that I possibly could on the back burner and sat down at the computer to write--something I hadn’t done in so long.† This novel contains some recurring motifs that have been popular in story telling over time--this includes â€Å"forbidden love† and â€Å"beauty and the beast†. Forbidden love based on many famous tales are Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’. Similarly, we often see tales of women falling in love with beastly or monstrous men. Example is the fairytale of â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, elements of this story line also appears in Charlotte Bronte’s â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Emily Bronte’s â€Å"Wuthering Heights†. Twilight is a forbidden love story. This is becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Stereotypical Gender Ring : Bella Swan s Indifference Vs. Rosalie Hale s Proactivity932 Words   |  4 PagesCulture Research Proposal and Thesis October 5, 2015 Entering the Stereotypical Gender Ring: Bella Swan’s Passivity vs. Rosalie Hale’s Proactivity For my research project I have decided to choose a character from a popular book series, Twilight which was written by Stephenie Meyer. The forbidden love story between a plain human girl and a gorgeous vampire boy sparked the hearts of millions, but the singular character I’m conducting my research on is Rosalie Hale. While Bella Swan, the main characterRead MoreReview Of The Lady With The Toy Dog 1134 Words   |  5 Pages The thought that a fictitious movie like Twilight is actually affecting women seems almost bizarre. You may wonder how it’s even possible that we can be so easily influenced by what some consider an â€Å"aimless series of vampire books†. However, it’s a proven fact that our brains react to fiction tales and they can indeed impact us in ways we could only imagine. A study was done in 2009 at the University of Toronto in Canada testing the hypothesis that art can cause significant changes in the experienceRead MoreEssay on Nicholas Sparks; The Author of Romance1967 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom being a relative unknown to being a writer with a book deal and $1 million movie rights contract (Bio Channel). Once again, though, Sparks triumph gave way to devastation when his father was killed at the age of 54 in an automobile accident.. The book, later titled Message in a Bottle, was inspired by his parents relationship. Skeptical that hed really made it as a writer, Sparks continued to sell pharmaceuticals while he wrote the book. He finally retired from sales in February 1997, whenRead MoreResearch on Time Management3882 Words   |  16 Pagesmay be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to  manage  time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals. This set encompasses a wide scope of activities, and these include pla nning,  allocating,  setting goals, delegation, analysis of time spent,  monitoring, organizing, scheduling, and prioritizing. Initially, time management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to include personal activities as well. A time management system is a

I Am John Fitzgerald Kennedy s Inaugural Address

The date read January 20, 1961 on the front page of the Washington Times. As I tossed my newspaper onto my bureau and stood in the mirror, I shifted my tie back and forth, repeating; â€Å"the world is very different now† (â€Å"Inaugural Address† 1). These were the words I would present in my inaugural address just hours away. I have ideas-- principles that will change lives, views that will transform a nation, and philosophies that will evoke peace in today’s modern world. I will strive for my fellow Americans to â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you--but what you can do for your country† (1). I am John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a Harvard graduate, a Navy man, a former Congressman, a Senator, and now the 35th United States President. I will drive†¦show more content†¦These students are willing to pick up their bags and fly across the world to gain new experiences. Therefore, I began to advocate at universities, one such as the University of M ichigan. I began promoting this program as a candidate back in 1960. I spoke to a crowd of 10,000 â€Å"challenging American youth to devote part of their lives to living and working in Asia, Africa, and Latin America† (Burner 1). Statistically, American youth is an unstoppable breed. The willingness to serve is overpowering and stems further into younger and younger generations. Humanity is a powerful force. Immediately after my speech, a petition was created with over 1,000 signatures supporting my ideas with pledges ready serve. â€Å"Since then, more than 150,000 citizens of all ages and backgrounds have worked in more than 130 countries throughout the world as volunteers in such fields as health, teaching, agriculture, urban planning, skilled trades, forestry, sanitation, and technology† (Burner 1). I wanted to pursue widespread change. I proposed bills such as the Alliance for Progress which gave 21$ billion in loans to Latin America for schools, hospitals, and o ther service developments. I shot for the Equal Employment Opportunity (10925) to put a stop to racial discrimination in the working class. Finally, to lower the criticism of so few women working in administration, I asked Eleanor Roosevelt to chair the Commission on the Status of Women (Kreiser 1). I constantly work to

Project Delivery System Yagan Square Perth - Click to Get Solution

Question: Discuss about the Project Delivery System for Yagan Square Perth. Answer: Introduction to the Yagan Square Project Yagan Square is situated in Perths CBD, which is a transforming city in the Western Australia. It is the major part of the Perth City Link project, designed to be a primary community, meeting and celebration place as well as a major tourist destination. The vision of the Perth City Link is to transform the city into a world - class transit hub by providing a direct access to the new Perth Underground Bus Port and the Perth Train Station ("Yagan Square | Perth City Link", 2016). The project aims to develop Yagan Square as one of the busiest pedestrian locations in the Perth city. Furthermore, Yagan Square will involve food markets and a well furnished community where people can meet, discover and celebrate the culture, heritage and environment of Western Australia. To be more precise, the square is named after the indigenous Australian warrior Yagan. The construction of Yagan Square was initiated in February 2016 and is expected to be opened in 2017 ("Yagan Square | Perth City Link", 2016). The place will be over one hectare in size, with the capability of arranging for a range of activities and events for up to 8,500 people. Figure 1.1: Design and Construction of Yagan Square (Source: "Yagan Square | Perth City Link", 2016) Project Delivery Methods The basic purpose of a project delivery method is to plan, design, construct and provide other relevant services for organizing, executing and completing a building facility. In a project delivery, the three main parties associated are the project owner, designer and the builder. More specifically, selection of the appropriate project delivery method is one of the basic decisions for developing the acquisition strategy (Duggan Patel, 2013). The different types of project delivery methods are discussed as follows: Design-Bid-Build (DBB) It is the traditional method for delivering a project typically involving three sequential phases. These are the design phase, the bid phase and the build or construction phase. The design phase concerns with the designers service for the project (Lines, Sullivan Smithwick, 2014). A contractor is selected for the bid phase. Finally, the selected contractor builds the project in the construction phase. It most commonly ends up in a fixed price contract (Kerzner, 2013). Construction Management Multi-Prime (CM MP) This method is somewhat similar to that of the design bid build based on the three sequential phases. However, the owner directly contracts with the individual specialty contractors with multi prime (MP) for designated components of the overall work, instead of a single general of prime contractor (Burnham Nagata, 2016). The basic characteristics of this method include a linear design with many contracts involving architect, contractor and subcontractors. Construction Management at Risk (CMR) In this particular method, the three linear design phases are fast tracked with the three prime players or parties such as the owner, designer and CM constructor. The construction manager is contracted depending on qualification, experience, target construction price and fees for management services for managing and constructing a project (Cardenas, 2016). The major advantages in this project delivery method are it can easily retain control of design and allows adequate flexibility to the project price. Design-Build (DB) In this project delivery method, the owner develops a basic conceptual plan and thereby solicits bids from joint ventures of engineer, architects and builders for the project construction and design (Keen et al., 2015). An integrated process overlaps the design and construction phases, where the designer and contractor work together. SWOT Analysis of Yagan Square Project The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for the Yagan Square project for Perth City Link has been demonstrated in the table as formulated below: Strengths Weaknesses Advanced workforce stimulation Adequate knowledge of subcontractors Use of modern technology and machinery in construction Good relationships with the material and equipment supplier Cash flow is predictable Favorable Contract Terms Efficient and smart approach undertaken for place management The business can be scaled up The expansion of business sector can facilitate multiple future opportunities for success Business is contract based Exposure to financial market dynamics Price rise and conditions for raw materials for construction and design purpose Lack of Protection of the Investors Interests by the Supervisory Board Complexity in compliance with multiple design policy Various ethical and legal considerations Facts for strategic planning are relatively difficult to gather Complexity in defining roles and responsibilities Opportunities Threats Job opportunities will increase with the $73.5 million development next to the Horseshoe Bridge Provide a prime meeting and event space The barrier between the CBD and Northbridge is eliminated Food and beverage market will potentially grow Growing population of Perth city Integrated place to visit Western Australias culture, heritage and environment The price of the project is significantly high Advancement in technology development may change this market beyond its ability to adapt Unreliable flow of cash at the early stage of the project It will take time to change the direction of the market in case the market does not work as expected The project can encounter potential amount of overheads Limited time to reach project closure stage as Yagan Square is set to open in 2017 Table 3.1: SWOT Analysis for Yagan Square, Perth City Link Project (Source: Created by the Author) Suitable Method to Deliver the Project For this particular project, the Design Build (DB) Method can be considered as the most appropriate method for project delivery. It is mainly due to the short span of time allocated for completing the project (Construction of Yagan square started in February 2016 and it is set to open in 2017). By adopting the Design Build method, it is possible to integrate the design and construction phases. To be more precise, the integrated process facilitated by this specific project delivery method includes an overlapped design and construction, which is typically fast tracked (Kereri Gad, 2015). Therefore, it is automatically quicker as compared to the other project delivery methods such as multi prime and Design - Bid - Build (DBB). Apart from that, this particular project delivery method involves only the prime players such as the owner and the design - build entity. As a result, it ensures a substantially simple process for delivery of the project (Leach, 2014). Furthermore, it will involve only one contract, which is between the owner and the design builder with a single point of responsibility. In addition to that, in this method, the design builder is responsible for identifying any inconsistency existing between the performance standards and the prescriptive requirements (Lu, 2010). On the other hand, the owner has the sole responsibility for the cost for reconciliation in the inconsistent standards. Application of the Method The Design Build method involves the following steps: Strategic Facility Planning: The owner establishes the project needs, objectives, and technology content and performance criteria. Selection of Design-Builder: Design - builders are selected depending on certain factors such as capacity, reputation, previous owner experience, fees and pricing methods using interview and evaluation processes (Yuan-zhi Bureau, 2014). Conclusion of First Part of Contract: Contract terms and language is typically taken under negotiations for authorizing preliminary design. After that, the design builder joins with the project owner to define the project along with project objectives, requirements, target budget and schedules (Burke, 2013). After that, the design - build Contract Award is followed. Conclusion The paper has thoroughly included a detailed discussion on the Perth City Link Project, the design and construction of Yagan Square. For achieving this purpose, the paper investigated the characteristics and features of Yagan Square including its size and elements. Furthermore, the various project delivery methods have been adequately discussed. After that, the most suitable method to deliver the particular project is selected and the method of application is analyzed. Apart from that, the researcher has also performed a detailed SWOT analysis for the concerned construction management project for Yagan Square. The individual elements and components of Yagan Square will be considered for developing the strategic and tactical planning for the project execution. It requires substantial amount of industrial effort in order to integrate the food market, facilities for public art, hall, childrens playground area, native gardens, digital tower, plaza, mall as well as an integrated community where the people can gather, meet and celebrate together the culture, heritage and environment of Western Australia. It is one of the new projects of Perth City Link and expected to design one of the busiest pedestrian spots in this city that will effectively link the new underground bus station and the train station. Precisely, the contract is valued around $ 65 million. Approximately 25 food and beverage operators will be sought for the plaza and the construction is expected to complete by early 2017. References Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Burnham, R. E., Nagata, M. F. (2016). Alternate Project Delivery: Claims in Design-Build, Guaranteed Maximum Price, and Other Delivery Methods.Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution, 431. Cardenas, D. P. (2016).Evaluation of Construction Project Delivery Methods: A study of Axiomatic Design Principles Measuring the Efficiency of the Design Process(Doctoral dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute). Duggan, T., Patel, D. (2013). Design-build project delivery market share and market size report.RCD/RSMeans Market Intelligence. Keen, D. J., Edinger, L., Wiener, K., Salcedo, E. (2015).Current Practices to Set and Monitor DBE Goals on Design-Build Projects and Other Alternative Project Delivery Methods(No. Project 20-05 (Topic 45-03)). Kereri, J. O., Gad, G. M. (2015). Comparative study of relationship management in design-bid-build project delivery methods in infrastructure projects. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Lines, B., Sullivan, K., Smithwick, J. (2014). An Action Research Approach to Implementation of Alternative Project Delivery Methods within Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Owner Organizations: Overcoming Resistance through Education. InAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Lu, W. (2010). Improved SWOT approach for conducting strategic planning in the construction industry.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,136(12), 1317-1328. Yagan Square | Perth City Link. (2016).Mra.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.mra.wa.gov.au/projects-and-places/perth-city-link/places-attractions/yagan-square Yuan-zhi, L. I. U., Bureau, S. Q. H. (2014). The Safety Management Points of Construction Enterprises Based on SWOT Analysis.Value Engineering,20, 102.

Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century Australian

Executive Summary Sustainability reporting is a concept that organizations are finding hard to ignore. Stakeholders in contemporary world are able to legitimize activities and operations of an organization based on how well the organization performs with regard to social, economic, and environment aspects, which constitute sustainable development.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century: Australian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australia, as a country impacted by global forces, cannot be isolated from this new developments taking place and as a result, the country’s performance of many organizations is going to be benchmarked on sustainability reporting. What therefore this means is that, Australia needs to adopt and implement the most appropriate global standardized tools for her sustainability reporting needs. This report finds out that adoption of GRI is critical and beneficial for sustainability of Australia organizations. Introduction The nature of doing business has been undergoing transformation in the last few decades and today, stakeholders are demanding that organizations should reveal their business activity performances (Perego, 2009). Contemporary organizations under the influence of stakeholders are finding it necessary to pay attention to sustainability performance of organizations’ activities with regard to economic, social and environment aspects (Kolk, 2006). This is being reflected in the changing nature of organizations’ strategies, operational activities, and public disclosure, which are becoming necessary and common. Therefore, sustainability reporting (SR) is becoming a norm among organizations in and outside Australia, and according to Hubbard (2011), SR involves â€Å"reporting aspects of organization’s environmental and social as well as economic aspects of an organization’s performance† (p.824).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sustainability reporting reasons The first reason has to do with market mechanisms whereby, market drivers have resulted into growth of numerous ethical, social, and environmental investment funds, which in turn have influenced the necessity for sustainability disclosures (Vormedal and Ruud 2009). Social drivers have also become part of reasons for the growth of sustainability reporting. According to Solomon and Lewis (2002), organizations are becoming more obliged to disclose information regarding their social, environmental, and ethical performance as required by stakeholders (Vormedal and Ruud, 2009). Legitimacy theory posits that, organizations have to legitimize their behavior and at same time justify their activities, which therefore makes sustainability reporting to be the avenue to obtain ‘social license’ of ope ration and at same time, establish good reputation for the organization (Ortas and Moneva, 2011). Political and regulatory drivers are also contributing to the growth of sustainability reporting as great emphasis of political agenda centers on social and corporate responsibility of organizations (Ortas and Moneva 2011). The take on this is that, political policies and legislations may influence the need for organizations to have sound and functional SR practices. The last reason for growth of SR has to do with emergence of global standard-setting institutions, which in one way or the other are becoming avenues setting standards for organizations to comply with in regard to environmental, social, and economic sustainability reporting (Vormedal and Ruud, 2009). Such organizations include the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Sustainability reporting features based on the GRI The first feature of GRI is ingrained in the aspect of globalization with regard to corporate activities (Gera ghty, n.d). GRI reflects or constitutes a globally applicable standard that has been developed to suit diverse sustainability reporting needs of different organizations. GRI has come out as an innovative instrument that has input of business community, civil society, and other stakeholders with interest in sustainability reporting (Ortas and Moneva, 2011). In this purview, GRI in use today is seen to be more accountable in fulfilling economic, social, and environmental reporting needs of organization (Ortas and Moneva, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century: Australian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second feature of GRI is that, GRI reflects and influences sustainability activities through dialogue with stakeholders and subsequent communication of the impacts. GRI has been designed in such a way that, as a global instrument, it possesses the capability to enhance reliability in sustainability reporting and this has led to affected stakeholders to continuously improve their decisions (Geraghty, n.d). The third feature has to do with GRI having common language for sustainability reporting, which enhances eco-efficiency production systems that also promote sustainable development (Geraghty, n.d). This feature has led to the instrument to become applicable universally in many organizations. Sustainability reporting implementation based on the GRI The first step of GRI is to conduct sustainability reporting that has and involves complete inclusion of stakeholders. Inclusion of stakeholders is crucial to ensure that the reliability and viability of SR is not compromised (Ortas and Moneva, 2011). The next step involves adopting a balanced global process, whereby, GRI advocates for adoption of standardized and global acceptable processes in conducting SR. This has been the area of focus and it can be linked to the growing need of global adoption of sustainable development practices (Ortas and Moneva 2011). The third process involves adopting and using full and relevant communication technologies. As the world changes and the issues of corporate sustainability reporting become critical, there is need for organizations to utilize sophisticated communication technologies that have been made possible with emergence of information technology (Global Reporting Initiative, 2001). The next process involves enhancing transparency, whereby, disclosure of information should be evaluated within the precepts of impact it will have, and such information should enable stakeholders to make the right decisions (Global Reporting Initiative, 2001).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On overall, transparency is such important in that processes, procedures, and assumptions used to prepare the disclosures should be known by stakeholders. The last step involves accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency and reliability reporting of SR. In essence, SR should be made to stakeholders on time, when it is accurate and reliable and in this way, efficient application of such SR is vital to the growth of the organization (Global Reporting Initiative, 2001). Recommendation In essence, reporting positive aspects of the organization with regard to sustainability have suffocated and limited attempts, which in turn affect the functionability of sustainable development goals and objectives. Sustainability reporting, as it appears now, only dwells on the ‘clean sheet’ aspect of the organization as far as reporting of social, environment, and economic activities of the organization are concerned. The negative aspects rarely come out and as a result, the stakeholders only co nsume the skewed part of sustainable concept aspect. There should be the establishment of a global mechanism that has ability to capture organization’s positive and negative aspects of sustainability, which in turn should be translated and included in sustainability reporting. This will provide an opportune moment for stakeholders to have a broad outlook at the performance of the organization and from this, they would be able to formulate and suggest the best ways sustainable development can be achieved. Reference List Geraghty, L., N.d. Sustainability reporting-measure to manage, manage to change. Sydney: Focal Point Australia. Global Reporting Initiative. 2001. Sustainability reporting guidelines. GRI Publishing. Web. Web. Hubbard, G., 2011. The quality of the sustainability reports of large international companies: An analysis. International Journal of Management, 28(3). Kolk, A., 2008. Sustainability, accountability, and corporate governance: Exploring multinationals repo rting practices. Business Strategy and Environment, 17(1); 1-15. Ortas, E., Moneva, J.M., 2011. Original and development of sustainability reporting: Analysis of the Latin America context. Journal of Globalization, Competitiveness and Governability, 5(2); 16-37. Perego, P., 2009. Causes and consequences of choosing different assurance providers: An international study of sustainability reporting. International Journal of Management, 26(3); 412-425. Vormedal, I., Ruud, A., 2009. Sustainability reporting in Norway-An assessment of performance in the context of legal demands and socio-political drivers. Business Strategy and Environment, 18(4); 207-222. This report on Sustainability Reporting in 21st Century: Australian was written and submitted by user Giovani I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men Essay Example

Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men Essay Example Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men Paper Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men We discover about Slim’s many qualities such as his ability to bring out the secrets of others from them. This is shown in Chapter Three in which he questions George about him and Lennie going around together. Slim’s cunningness is shown not through the dialogue but through the description such as â€Å"Slims’ calm invitation to confidence† which reveals to us that he made George comfortable. The writer shows that this is what leads George to continue talking. The reason why Slim wants to find out more about George and Lennie’s relationship is that he finds it odd that two people are going to places together. Slim knows that George wants to talk and after he begins, he knows that he can be â€Å"receptive† which is why he believes that he does not need to encourage George into saying more. The writer reveals Slim’s intelligence in this scene and his superiority in the sense that he was able to bring out the past of George. This becomes useful in the next scene with Candy’s Dog and how he is key to the decision in the end. Slim’s qualities of being attentive and a good listener are further emphasised through the words â€Å"Godlike†Ã¢â‚¬  and the repetition of the words â€Å"calmly†. We also find out about George in this section and his past. The fact that he used to bully Lennie by making him do random things for entertainment shows how he is not perfect either although he does regret his past. George answers â€Å"defensively† when Slim asks him about his relationship with Lennie. He believes that there is nothing wrong with this although he does know it is not that common. However, he then begins to reveal the past. The same characteristic of him is again shown when Candy asks them about the land that they want to buy. George begins by talking defensively but then eventually begins to reveal more about the piece of land. George â€Å"wanting to talk† to Slim about the past shows how he wanted to share his past and concerns with others rather than be lonely as he could not tell anyone about Lennie and the girl in Weed. This also reflects the reason for which he goes to places with Lennie which is they get lonely and they become sad. George says this to Slim â€Å". guys that go around ranches. That ain’t no good†. Although the reader first feels that Lennie needs George to look after him, we find out here that George needs Lennie for company. Lennie’s past with a women in Weed is a foreshadow what will happen in the end. The writer brings this story here to tell us the reason for which George and Lennie moved ranches and also to warn the reader of what is to come. This is then developed on with the attack on Curley, the puppy dying and then finally Curley’s wife’s death. The atmosphere in this scene is very significant in setting the mood for the conversation. Firstly, we are told about â€Å"the evening brightness† outside and the â€Å"dusk† inside which represent the happy relationship we seem to see between George and Lennie and how it never used to be like this before with the â€Å"dusk† inside. The dusk setting also shows that the coming up scene is negative. The pool of light also focuses on the two characters giving importance to them in the scene. This is used to focus the scene more on George as he becomes the one that talks more. Slim â€Å"moved back slightly so that the light was not on his face†. This was also used to show that he did not want George to see his facial expression during the question as he did not want to give away his intention for asking. Jeya Packiarajah 11X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one?

A discussion of homicide

A discussion of homicide Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A discussion of homicide Under the facts of the scenario, Vincent had died and this would warrant a discussion of homicide. The actus reus of homicide is the unlawful killing of another. It would be unlikely that the parties concerned would be liable for murder as it seems they do not have requisite mens rea of malice aforethought for the offence. Criminal Liability Of Flavia. If Flavia is charged with constructive manslaughter, the prosecution would have to show an unlawful act which is also dangerous, caused the death of Vincent. The prosecution would be likely to rely on s23 Offences Against the Persons Act 1861 where the unlawful act is administering a noxious thing; which was successfully argued in Cato. Previous case law on manslaughter and drug supply cases has been far from consistent, but the House of Lords (HL) decision of Kennedy (No 2) was held by Ormerod as a ‘most welcomed conclusion’ to the drug-supply case law. In the case it was stated that where a vi ctim of a sound mind injected himself as a result of ‘free, voluntary and informed decision’ this would break the chain of causation. In the scenario it is stated that ‘Vincent injects himself’, we can safely assume that Flavia had not administered the injection directly and it was a ‘free, voluntary and informed decision’ made by Vincent which breaks the chain of causation. It must also be presumed that factors such as age, mental conditions or improper pressure have not affected the decision of Vincent to self-inject, if they had, Flavia could be liable; which is more likely as he is at a party. If Vincent was an addict, Clarkson would question whether taking drugs would be ‘free and voluntary’. In Kennedy (No 2) it was stated that, in relation to the scenario, that the ‘act of supplying the drugs by [Flavia], without more, could not harm [Vincent] in any psychical way, let alone cause his death’. HL did not rule out scenario where two people are ‘acting together’. This left open a ‘narrow circumstances’ which Flavia would be liable for death of Vincent, apart from where there is direct injection to the deceased. In the scenario, Flavia used her belt as tourniquet to lift a vein and this was similar to the case of Rogers (where the defendant was convicted). But this was specifically stated as ‘wrongly decided’ by Lord Bingham and we can assume that this would not amount to ‘acting together’. Additionally Kennedy (No 2) also stated; preparation and handing the syringe to victim will not constitute ‘acting together’ to give rise to liability for the death of Vincent. Lord Bingham stated ‘nothing in this opinion should be understood as applying to manslaughter caused by negligence’. Therefore we may be able to argue that Flavia is liable for gross negligence manslaughter for the death of Vincent. It is more likely that F lavia would be charged with gross negligence manslaughter, prosecution would have to prove the criteria laid down by Lord Mackay in the case of Adamako (which applies to all gross negligence cases). It would first of all need to be established that the defendant owed a duty of care to victim and the defendant breached that duty of care and this caused the death of Vincent. The breach of duty must be characterised as grossly negligent to constitute a crime; a matter for the jury to decide on.

Financial Statement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Essay Example For this reason, the actual presentation of financial statements with the absolute figures becomes meaningless as it does not provide a rational basis for comparing with the competitor or with the industry. The industry and competitor might have several differences due to which it is not practically justified that the analysis between the two should be made. For instance, if a company has revenues of $5 million and one of its competitors has the revenues of $500,000 then on the basis of these absolute figures, there is no comparison between the two companies. However, if the growth in revenue of the former company is, let’s say 6% and the latter company has growth in revenues of around 8%, then there is a rationale of analyzing both the companies as the same footing for comparison is available now. In short, in the absence of reasonable commonalities between the financial aspects of the two companies, the comparison of the two companies turns out to be meaningless. The best wa y to make a comparison in financial aspect between the two companies is to undertake financial ratio analysis. This analysis provides a common platform for the companies so that their performance can be compared on reasonable basis. Issues like absolute figures, size of the firms, differences in the operating activities and other issues are relaxed when financial statements are analyzed on the basis of ratios. The technique of ratio analysis works on the basis of common figures that are comparable. These comparable figures are computed as a percentage of some figures. For instance, what is the percentage of net profits with respect to sales, with respect to total asset, with respect to equity, and so on? But if stand alone figure of net profit is taken into account, then due to difference in size of the company, its value, its nature of operations, its capital structure and other elements, that net profit figure would not reflect a true picture. Structure of Article This article is developed in such a manner that the profitability analysis of two UK companies, Sainsbury PLC and Tesco PLC, has been conducted on the basis of ratio analysis. As far as the size of the two companies is considered, Tesco PLC is bigger than Sainsbury PLC. So what exactly be the measure which should be used in order to bring both of these firms to a common platform is the ratio analysis. The introductory part of the analysis briefly highlights the description of both the companies regarding their industry, history, products, branches etc. Next part focuses comprehensively upon the importance, meaning and interpretation of each of the profitability ratio. Third part of this report conducts an analysis on the basis of earlier explained ratios. Those ratios are divided into two categories such that first part of the analysis emphasizes upon the performance of each individual company on the basis of its past performance in the form of trend analysis. Second part of the analysis makes a pr ofitability comparison between the two firms on the basis of their own important heads of accounts. At the end of this report the calculation of the ratio analysis is presented in the appendix. Tesco Tesco is one of the largest retailers. It operates more than 2,300 convenience stores and supermarkets. The total number of employees working